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  Node.js
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  <h1 id="Node-js"><a href="#Node-js" class="headerlink" title="Node.js"></a>Node.js</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/nodejs/nodejs-tutorial.html">https://www.runoob.com/nodejs/nodejs-tutorial.html</a></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="Node-js-1"><a href="#Node-js-1" class="headerlink" title="Node.js"></a>Node.js</h2><h3 id="Node-js-介绍"><a href="#Node-js-介绍" class="headerlink" title="Node.js 介绍"></a>Node.js 介绍</h3><p>Node.js 是一个 JavaScript 运行环境，运行在服务端（后端）。用户不再需要后台动态编程语言，只使用 JS 也可以创建自己的后台服务。</p>
<p>官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/">https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/</a> </p>
<blockquote>
<p>默认下载可执行程序版本，程序会自动配置环境变量，开发者可以直接使用。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="Node-js-使用"><a href="#Node-js-使用" class="headerlink" title="Node.js 使用"></a>Node.js 使用</h3><p>安装 Node.js 成功后，通过控制台命令可以执行 JS 脚本：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">node --version             <span class="comment"># 查看 Node.js 版本</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">node                       <span class="comment"># 进入 Node.js 运行环境，可以直接输入 JS 代码并执行</span></span><br><span class="line">node example.js            <span class="comment"># 执行指定的 JS 文件</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
<h2 id="Node-js-模块"><a href="#Node-js-模块" class="headerlink" title="Node.js 模块"></a>Node.js 模块</h2><h3 id="模块化开发"><a href="#模块化开发" class="headerlink" title="模块化开发"></a>模块化开发</h3><p>根据主流的模块化规范 ES6 定义：一个 JS 文件就是一个模块。</p>
<p>模块之间必须通过规范的接口相互调用，目前最常使用的是 CommonJS 规范和 ES6 标准。</p>
<p><strong>CommonJS 规范</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>module.exports 导出接口，require 引入模块。</li>
<li>输出是值的拷贝。</li>
</ol>
<p><em>由于引擎尚不支持，我们在 node.js 中习惯使用 CommonJS 语法。</em></p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> num = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">test</span>(<span class="params">x</span>)&#123; </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;输出数据为&quot;</span> + x); </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">num</span> = num</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">test</span> = userTest           <span class="comment">// 可以写为 module.exports.test = useTest</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*************************************************************************/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;./a&#x27;</span>)            <span class="comment">// 调用 a.useTest(a.num)   </span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>ES6 语法</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>export 导出接口，import 引入模块。</li>
<li>输出是值的引用。</li>
</ol>
<p><em>我们在 vue 中通常使用 ES6 语法，但必须安装 babel 插件自动转码为 commonJS 语法执行。</em></p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> num = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">test</span>(<span class="params">x</span>)&#123; </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;输出数据为&quot;</span> + x); </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> num                  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> test               <span class="comment">// 可以写为 export test</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 默认导出接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> &#123;            </span><br><span class="line">  num,</span><br><span class="line">  test</span><br><span class="line">&#125;     </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*************************************************************************/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123;num,test <span class="keyword">as</span> useTest&#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;./a.js&#x27;</span>   <span class="comment">// 调用 useTest(num)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 读取 JS 文件全部导出</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> * <span class="keyword">as</span> a <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;./a.js&#x27;</span>                  <span class="comment">// 调用 a.test(a.num)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 读取 JS 文件默认导出</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> a <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;./a.js&#x27;</span>           </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="官方模块"><a href="#官方模块" class="headerlink" title="官方模块"></a>官方模块</h3><p>Node.js 提供了允许直接导入的官方模块，查询网址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://nodejs.cn/api/">http://nodejs.cn/api/</a></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>OS 模块</strong>：系统信息</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> os = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;os&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;主机名&#x27;</span> + os.<span class="title function_">hostname</span>());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;操作系统&#x27;</span> + os.<span class="title function_">type</span>());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;系统平台&#x27;</span> + os.<span class="title function_">platform</span>());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;内存总量&#x27;</span> + os.<span class="title function_">totalmem</span>() + <span class="string">&#x27;字节&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;可用内存&#x27;</span> + os.<span class="title function_">freemem</span>() + <span class="string">&#x27;字节&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>Path 模块</strong>：路径信息</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;path&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> data = <span class="string">&quot;c:/myapp/index.html&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(path.<span class="title function_">basename</span>(data));          <span class="comment">// 输出 index.html</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(path.<span class="title function_">dirname</span>(data));           <span class="comment">// 输出 c:/myapp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(path.<span class="title function_">basename</span>(<span class="title function_">dirname</span>(data))); <span class="comment">// 输出 myapp</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>URL 模块</strong>：URL 信息</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> url = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;url&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> data = <span class="string">&quot;http://test.com?name=王东浩&amp;age=22&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(url.<span class="title function_">parse</span>(data));             <span class="comment">// 输出 网址解析信息</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> urlQuery = url.<span class="title function_">parse</span>(data, <span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(urlQuery.<span class="property">query</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);         <span class="comment">// 输出 王东浩</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>fs 模块</strong>：文件信息</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> fs = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;fs&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fs.<span class="title function_">writeFile</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;./a.txt&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;你好，我是王东浩&#x27;</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">err</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span>(err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(err);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;success&#x27;</span>); </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fs.<span class="title function_">readFile</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;./a.txt&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;utf8&#x27;</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">err, data</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span>(err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(err);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(data); </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>http / https 模块</strong>：服务器</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> http = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;http&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> server = http.<span class="title function_">createserver</span>();             <span class="comment">// 创建服务器</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">server.<span class="title function_">on</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;request&#x27;</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">req, res</span>)&#123;      <span class="comment">// 配置监听器，有请求则触发</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;收到用户请求，请求地址&#x27;</span> + req.<span class="property">url</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;请求方式&#x27;</span> + req.<span class="property">method</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span>(req.<span class="property">url</span> == <span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>)&#123; </span><br><span class="line">    $msg = <span class="string">&quot;&lt;a herf=&#x27;www.baidu.com&#x27;&gt;点击跳转&lt;/a&gt;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    $msg = <span class="string">&quot;404 Not Found&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  res.<span class="title function_">setHeader</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;Content-Type&#x27;</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;text/html,charset=utf8&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  res.<span class="title function_">write</span>($msg);</span><br><span class="line">  res.<span class="property">end</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">server.<span class="title function_">listen</span>(<span class="number">8080</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)&#123;               <span class="comment">// 启动服务器，监听端口</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;服务启动成功&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
<h2 id="Node-js-项目"><a href="#Node-js-项目" class="headerlink" title="Node.js 项目"></a>Node.js 项目</h2><h3 id="包管理工具-npm"><a href="#包管理工具-npm" class="headerlink" title="包管理工具 npm"></a>包管理工具 npm</h3><p>用于 Node.js 项目的开发和管理，包括安装和卸载第三方模块。是非常强大和常用的 Node.js 工具。下载安装 Node.js 后，即可在控制台使用 npm 命令。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>初始化项目</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm init -y                       <span class="comment"># 将当前目录初始化为项目，即生成 package.json 配置文件。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>package.json 配置文件负责管理 Node.js 项目。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><strong>模块安装</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install vue/cli               <span class="comment"># 安装指定的 Node.js 模块</span></span><br><span class="line">npm uninstall vue/cli             <span class="comment"># 卸载指定的 Node.js 模块</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">npm install                       <span class="comment"># 安装该项目 package.json 记录的所有模块</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>node_modules 文件夹负责存储当前 Node.js 项目要使用的模块。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>npm 下载模块时默认安装在本地，只允许当前目录的项目调用。我们可以对模块进行全局安装，允许所有项目调用。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install vue/cli -g            <span class="comment"># 全局安装 Node.js 模块</span></span><br><span class="line">npm uninstall vue/cli -g          <span class="comment"># 全局卸载 Node.js 模块</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>修改和查看 npm 下载地址。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm --registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org install express   <span class="comment"># 临时使用</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">npm config <span class="built_in">set</span> registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org</span><br><span class="line">npm config get registry </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>开发环境</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>npm 下载模块时默认为通用模块，可以在全部开发环境下使用。但我们在开发时可能需要引入部分模块，完成后不在生产环境引用。</p>
<p>在项目的 package.json 配置文件中，调用的通用模块会记录在 dependencies 参数中，而开发用模块会记录在 devdependencies 参数中。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install vue/cli --save-dev           <span class="comment"># 安装指定的 Node.js 模块，并标记为开发专用</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">npm install --production                 <span class="comment"># 安装该项目 package.json 记录的通用模块，但不安装开发用模块</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="配置文件-package"><a href="#配置文件-package" class="headerlink" title="配置文件 package"></a>配置文件 package</h3><p>package.json 配置文件负责记录 Node.js 项目信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 项目名称</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;example&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span> </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 项目版本</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;1.0.0&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 项目描述 </span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;我的 Node 项目&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 入口文件</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;app.js&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 引入模块</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;dependencies&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;koa&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;^2.0.0&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;koa-router&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;^7.4.0&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;mysql&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;^2.17.1&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 快捷命令</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;error&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;echo \&quot;Error: no test specified\&quot; &amp;&amp; exit 1&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;node app.js&quot;</span>          </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 作者和凭证</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;MrJoker&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;license&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;ISC&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol>
<li><strong>入口文件</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>尝试启动项目时，系统会自动调用根目录下的入口文件执行。默认为 app.js 文件，在项目目录下控制台输入 <code>node app.js</code> 即可运行服务器。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>快捷命令</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>将 JS 脚本封装为 npm 命令，在项目目录下控制台输入 <code>npm run start</code> 即可运行服务器。</p>
<h3 id="打包工具-webpack"><a href="#打包工具-webpack" class="headerlink" title="打包工具 webpack"></a>打包工具 webpack</h3><p>webpack 是基于 Node.js 的自动化构建工具，对整个项目要请求的静态资源进行合并、封装、压缩、和自动转换。大大加快了请求静态资源页面加载速度，也解决了代码的兼容性问题。</p>
 
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